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Gemmotherapy and its use in practise
Škodová, Adriana ; Pokladníková, Jitka (advisor) ; Zubrová, Julie (referee)
GEMMOTHERAPY AND ITS USE IN PRACTISE Student: Škodová Adriana Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Introduction: Gemmotherapy or budding medicine is an herbal healing method, whose roots go back to the Middle Ages and folk healing. It uses germ-shaped parts of plants (especially buds) for the production of liqueur glycerin macerates, which are proven to contain larger quantities of some important substances with healing properties than adult parts of plants. Objectives: The aim of this work was to summarize basic information about gemmotherapy from available literature; to summarize the description of the traditional use of selected plants and gemmotherapeutics prepared therefrom; to provide a summary of studies based on evidence-based literature, especially with regard to content and confirmatory medicinal properties, adverse effects, drug interactions and contraindications. Methods: General information about gemmotherapy was mainly drawn from books available in the Czech language. Data collection took place from October 2016 to August 2017, and researches based on literature were mainly based on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library,...
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Current options of treatment for parasitic kinetoplastids
Čadková, Aneta ; Mach, Jan (advisor) ; Richterová, Lenka (referee)
Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis are diseases occurring mainly in developing areas of Africa, America and Asia. They are caused by parasitic kinetoplastids from the genus Trypanosoma and Leishmania. These protozoans undergo morphologic transformations during their development leading to changes of their properties. They are characterized by complex mechanisms that allow them to evade the host's immunity. At the same time, because of these mechanisms and selection pressures, they are able to subsequently develop resistance to used drugs. The diseases caused by protozoa are classified as "neglected tropical diseases". The research and development of drugs against them is heavily underfunded. Currently used drugs are expensive, have a number of side effects, and due to lack of usage regulation develop resistance. The work first generally presents human parasites of the class Kinetoplastida. It further describes the treatment of diseases caused by the characterized species and focuses on a summary of currently used drugs, their mechanism, resistance and potential new drugs in clinical phases. Key words: kinetoplastids, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, treatment, disease, mechanism of action, resistance, nitroreductase
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Mechanisms and mode of action of essential oils on fungi
Ježková, Tereza ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čmoková, Adéla (referee)
Essential oils are volatile compounds from plants with a wide range of effects. Many of them exhibit antifungal activity. As the resistance of pathogenic fungi to antimycotics is increasing, finding new antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal infections is highly desirable. In order to use essential oils for the production of new drugs, it is necessary to know the exact mechanism of their action. Although it is known a lot about the effects of essential oils on fungi, the particular target in a cell is not always described. In this thesis I summarize the present knowledge about the mechanisms of actions on fungi. I gradually deal with effects of essential oils on cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondrion, nucleus, quorum sensing, virulence factors, mycotoxin production and fungal development. Generally essential oils do not act on one structure but affect multiple structures and processes at the same time. In the last chapter I mention possible directions for further research of these substances. Key words: essential oils, fungi, antifungal activity, mechanism of action, mode of action
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Gemmotherapy and its use in practise
Škodová, Adriana ; Pokladníková, Jitka (advisor) ; Zubrová, Julie (referee)
GEMMOTHERAPY AND ITS USE IN PRACTISE Student: Škodová Adriana Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Introduction: Gemmotherapy or budding medicine is an herbal healing method, whose roots go back to the Middle Ages and folk healing. It uses germ-shaped parts of plants (especially buds) for the production of liqueur glycerin macerates, which are proven to contain larger quantities of some important substances with healing properties than adult parts of plants. Objectives: The aim of this work was to summarize basic information about gemmotherapy from available literature; to summarize the description of the traditional use of selected plants and gemmotherapeutics prepared therefrom; to provide a summary of studies based on evidence-based literature, especially with regard to content and confirmatory medicinal properties, adverse effects, drug interactions and contraindications. Methods: General information about gemmotherapy was mainly drawn from books available in the Czech language. Data collection took place from October 2016 to August 2017, and researches based on literature were mainly based on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library,...
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Modulation of HIV-1 Protease Activity
Pokorná, Jana ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Šedo, Aleksi (referee) ; Ruml, Tomáš (referee)
HIV-1 protease plays a crucial role in the late state of the life cycle of HIV virus when it cleaves the viral polyprotein precursors into the structural and functional proteins. If it is effectively inhibited, HIV particles remain immature and noninfectious. The application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including protease inhibitors can reduce plasma HIV-1 levels below the detection limit in adherent patients and thus dramatically change their life expectancy. The clinical utility of the first inhibitors was limited by severe side effects, low bioavailability, high pill burdens, and rapid development of viral resistance under the selection pressure of HIV antiretrovirals. To overcome these difficulties, second-generation inhibitors were developed. Despite an indisputable improvement they brought to antiretroviral therapy, the development of new highly active HIV-1 protease inhibitors with optimal pharmacokinetic properties, higher metabolic stability, little off-target activity, and particularly, more favorable resistance profiles is still of high importance. This thesis provides an overview of anti-HIV- drugs including development of substituted metallacarboranes, a new class of potent, unusual, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Next, the impact of...
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